These are measured effects from controlled studies, not predictions. Each was produced with a model that was sometimes wrong — which is the only kind that exists.
−11.3percentage pointsClinician diagnostic accuracy fell this far when the AI they were shown was systematically biased. Showing them the model's explanation did not repair it.
Jabbour et al., JAMA — randomised clinical vignette study, 457 clinicians, 2023
Limitation: Clinical vignettes, not live patients; US hospitalists, nurse practitioners and physician assistants.
−14.0percentage pointsPhysicians who had already completed a 20-hour AI-literacy course still lost this much diagnostic accuracy when the model's advice contained errors.
Qazi et al. — single-blind randomised trial, 44 physicians, Pakistan, 2025
Limitation: 44 participants, clinical vignettes, one country. It shows training alone is not a cure.
82% → 46%very experienced readersMammography accuracy among the most experienced radiologists when the AI suggested the wrong category. Inexperienced readers fell from 80% to 20%.
Dratsch et al., Radiology — prospective reader study, 27 radiologists, 2023
Limitation: A purported AI in an experimental setting, 50 mammograms, one modality.
28.4% → 22.4%adenoma detectionEndoscopists detected fewer adenomas without AI after a period of routine AI use than they had before it — the skill itself eroded.
Heudel et al., ESMO Real World Data and Digital Oncology — scoping review, 2026
Limitation: A narrative review; the authors state the empirical base for deskilling is still small.